This paper aims to discuss paraepistemology, the science behind proexis, or existential programming. Although there may be an immediate perception that proexology is a sector or line within a larger field of knowledge – conscientiology – it seems that there is also at times a lack of broader or deeper understanding of what this scientific specialty represents. Evidence of this appears to be the little systematization, detailing, and discussion of the set of themes beyond the central object of proexis; the lack of propositions, theories, and models, additional to those automatically imported from the matrix science; and of methodologies, techniques, and research resources whose practices seem to occur in an intuitive and customary way. The present research problematized this circumstance in the question ‘How do we understand proexology?’. The search for a solution was based on the perspective of the consciential paradigm and on the conceptualization of discipline and interdisciplinarity proposed by the historian José D'Assunção Barros (1957–). To this end, proexology was analysed from ten aspects: 01. Object of study; 02. Singularity; 03. Theories; 04. Methodologies; 05. Discourse; 06. Segmentation; 07. Interdictions; 08. Agents; 09. Self-awareness; 10. Interdisciplinarity.